Journal: iScience

Article Title: Regulatory changes underlying the evolution of skylight navigation

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116313

Figure Lengend Snippet: Absence of Homothorax from DRA ommatidia beyond higher diptera (A and A′) Homothorax ( Hth, yellow) immunostaining in the adult brain of a honeybee worker ( Apis mellifera ) labels distinct neuronal population. (A'' and A''') Pupal retina (13-day-old worker) showing the most dorsal ommatidia. The boxed region marks the ROI shown at higher magnification. Hth is clearly localized to the pigment rim and bristle cells but absent from ommatidia adjacent to the rim. (B and B′) Anti-Hth immunostaining in the larval brain of the monarch butterfly ( Danaus plexippus ) labels specific cells distinct from Bar-positive (cyan) cell populations. (B'' and B'''') Dorsal pupal retina (4-day-old) labeled with Anti-Bar (outer photoreceptors) and Anti-Spalt (Sal ; inner photoreceptors). Anti-Hth signal appears only as background autofluorescence, with no specific labeling. (C and C′) Whole-mounted fifth instar larval brain of Vanessa cardui stained with monarch Anti-Hth antibody (yellow) and Anti-Bar (cyan) antibody, confirming non-overlapping expression. The Dp Hth antibody cross-reacts and functions in Vanessa cardui. (C'' and C'''') Control staining in a 4-day-old V. cardui pupal retina shows strong hth expression in the pigment rim but not in adjacent ommatidia. (D and D′) Anti-Hth immunostaining in the pupal brain of Aedes aegypti labels distinct neuronal sets. (D'' and D'''') Pupal retina (1-day-old) labeled with Aa Op8 (marking all R7 photoreceptors except those in the dorsal region). Hth localization is confined to the pigment rim and pigment cells, with no detectable signal in photoreceptors. In all brain samples, DAPI (magenta) was used to label all nuclei. In all retinal close-up images, “P” denotes the pigment rim, with the dashed line outlining the area adjacent to the photoreceptors. Per species: N = 3 (brain) and N = 5 (retina). Scale bars, 50 μm (brain) and 20 μm (retina).

Article Snippet: Guinea pig Anti- Aa Op8 , Perry Lab (unpublished) , N/A.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Labeling, Staining, Expressing, Control

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A continuous adhesion-enhanced osteogenic pathway in artificial scaffold drives cellular infiltration and condensed mineralization for rapid bone regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.026

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro study of osteogenic capacity and mechanisms of the CPH/rGO-3/0.6 scaffold (a) Fluorescent staining of hMSCs grown on the surface of Blank, CPH/rGO-3/0 and CPH/rGO-3/0.6 scaffolds for 7, 14 and 21 days and intensity statistics of osteocalcin (OCN) on 21 days (Cell nuclei of hMSCs were visualized using DAPI (blue); Cytoskeleton was stained with Phalloidin-FITC (green); OCN proteins were stained with Alexa Fluor 594 (red)) (n = 16, 12, 15 for Blank, CPH/rGO-3/0 and CPH/rGO-3/0.6 groups respectively. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. ∗ for p < 0.05; ∗∗ for p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ for p < 0.001). (b) Fluorescent staining of MSCs grown on the surface of CPH/rGO-3/0.6 scaffold for 28 days. (c) Osteogenesis related genes expression of MSCs including alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ), type I collagen (COL-I), runt-related transcription factor 2 ( Runx2 ), SP7 transcription factor ( SP7 ), Bone sialoprotein ( BSP ), dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1( DMP1 ), OCN and osteopontin ( OPN ) after 7, 14 and 21 days' incubation on CPH/rGO-3/0, CPH/rGO-3/0.6 scaffolds and Blank (n = 3 per group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. ∗ for p < 0.05; ∗∗ for p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ for p < 0.001). (d) OD value obtained from the ALP reagent of sample Blank, CPH/rGO-3/0 and CPH/rGO-3/0.6 scaffolds after osteogenic induction of hMSC for 4, 8 and 12 days (n = 3 per group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. ∗ for p < 0.05; ∗∗ for p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ for p < 0.001). (e) Volcano map and (f) GO enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in hMSCs cultured on rGO/CS vs rGO and on CPH/rGO-3/0.6 vs CPH/rGO-3/0. (g) Hotmap of differentially expressed genes between rGO/CS and rGO samples, CPH/rGO-3/0.6 and CPH/rGO-3/0 scaffolds. (h) Western blot images of KCNN3 , Integrin β1 , ANK3 , FAK , MAPK , OCN , and BSP following 14 days of osteogenic induction co-culture of hMSCs with rGO, rGO/CS, Blank. (i) Schematic diagram of osteogenic gene pathways mediated by CPH/rGO-3/0.6.

Article Snippet: Cultured cells were washed with PBS and lysed using RIPA buffer supplemented with a protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hudson, NH, USA).

Techniques: In Vitro, Staining, Expressing, Incubation, Cell Culture, Western Blot, Co-Culture Assay